ARTICLE

IMPACT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ON NANOVACCINES AWARENESS IN ATTAINING SUSTAINABILITY AGAINST BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS

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13 Pages : 117-129

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(V-III).13      10.31703/gsssr.2020(V-III).13      Published : Sep 2020

Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents

Abstract

    The Health system has witnessed numerous catastrophic outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. A biological outbreak can be natural, accidental or intended factors are responsible for the emergence of health threat. Threats can be genetics or biological; ecology; social,economic or political, and environmental based. Conventional technologies for the detection of these threats fail to adequately resolve the issues like imperfect detection, time-consuming procedures, high cost, and relatively reduced sensitivity. Conventional vaccines have limited efficacy, teratogenicity, high toxicity, and limited bio safety. Rapid developments in functionalized nano detectors and nano vaccines have revolutionalised the design of compatible nano-agents with improved on-site detection,decontamination, and rapid elimination of chemical, biological and infectious agents. This paper provides key insights into nanotechnology-based approaches and challenges related to the monitoring, detection,and targeting of these agents. Innovative nanotechnology-driven approaches with high sophistication may open up new opportunities in addressing the threats of biological and chemical warfare concerning homeland security.

    Infectious Agents, Chemical and Biological Threats, Detection, Vaccination, Nanotechnology, Homeland Security

    (1) Manzoor Khan Afridi
    Associate Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Rubina Ali
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. and Visiting research Scholar at CSSS, Department of War Studies, and King's Coll
    (3) Inamullah Jan
    Lecturer, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Afridi, M. K., Ali, R., & Jan, I. (2020). Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V(III), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(V-III).13

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Afridi, Manzoor Khan, Rubina Ali, and Inamullah Jan. 2020. "Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V (III): 117-129 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2020(V-III).13

HARVARD

    HARVARD : AFRIDI, M. K., ALI, R. & JAN, I. 2020. Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V, 117-129.

MHRA

    MHRA : Afridi, Manzoor Khan, Rubina Ali, and Inamullah Jan. 2020. "Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V: 117-129

MLA

    MLA : Afridi, Manzoor Khan, Rubina Ali, and Inamullah Jan. "Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V.III (2020): 117-129 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Afridi, Manzoor Khan, Ali, Rubina, and Jan, Inamullah (2020), "Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, V (III), 117-129

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Afridi, Manzoor Khan, Rubina Ali, and Inamullah Jan. "Impact of Social Sciences on Nanovaccines Awareness in attaining Sustainability against Biological Warfare Agents." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review V, no. III (2020): 117-129. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2020(V-III).13