Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia
The rise of Hindutva ideology is likely to alter secular India into a parochial Hindu nation by inducing a wave of militant nationalism across the state, which can potentially imperil the peace of South Asia. The aim of the study is to evaluate India's hegemonic stance, analyzing medieval and contemporary factors behind the surge of Hindu nationalism. It seeks to comprehend the core principles of Hindutva ideology through in-depth historical scrutiny, aiming to demonstrate its origins rooted in religious intolerance. Elaborating on the institutionalization of Hindutva ideology by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government, this paper comprehensively explains the erosion of democratic and secular institutions, the upsurge in communal violence, constraints on dissent, and the enactment of discriminatory legislation, ultimately characterizing India as an electoral autocracy (Biswas, 2021). Employing the theoretical framework of instrumentalism, the paper highlights the ramifications of extreme right-wing politics on the Indian polity.
-
India, Hindutva, BJP, Nationalism, Pakistan, Extremism, Terrorism, Communal Violence, Regional Implications
-
(1) Ahmad Ali
Research Analyst, R&D (Research & Development) Branch, National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Fajar Nadeem
Analyst, National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA), Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Mehwish Tufail
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
-
ADAS, M. (1971). TWENTIETH CENTURY APPROACHES TO THE INDIAN MUTINY OF 1857—58. Journal of Asian History, 5(1), 1–19. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41929779
- Agrawal, R. (2020, March 2). Why India’s Muslims are in grave danger. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/02/india-muslims-delhi-riots-danger/
- Apoorvanand. (2021, January 15). India’s ‘love jihad’ laws: Another attempt to subjugate Muslims. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/1/15/indias-love-jihad-laws-another-attempt-to-subjugate-muslims
- Banaji, S. (2020, September 24). Disinformation against Indian Muslims during the COVID-19 pandemic. Media@LSE. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/09/24/disinformation-against-indian-muslims-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
- Banerji, L. (2018, March 22). With politics of demonisation on the rise, India must keep a data record of hate crimes. Scroll.in. https://scroll.in/article/871764/with-politics-of-demonisation-on-the-rise-india-must-keep-a-data-record-of-hate-crimes
- Bernstein, M. (2005). Identity politics. Annual Review of Sociology, 31(1), 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100054
- Bhosale, B. G. (2009). INDIAN NATIONALISM: GANDHI vis-a-vis TILAK AND SAVARKAR. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 70(2), 419–427. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42743906
- Biswas, S. (2021, March 16). ‘Electoral autocracy’: The downgrading of India’s democracy. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56393944
- Christophe, J. (2014). The fate of secularism in India - The BJP in power: Indian democracy and religious nationalism. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/04/04/fate-of-secularism-in-india-pub-78689
- Cossman, B., & Kapur, R. (1996). Secularism: Bench-Marked by Hindu Right. Economic and Political Weekly, 31(38), 2613–2630. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4404599
- Fact Checker. (2018, December 27). 2018 saw most religious hate crime, most deaths in decade. The Wire. https://thewire.in/communalism/2018-saw-most-religious-hate-crimes-against-religions
- Fasih, R. (2003). Security architecture in Asia: The interplay of regional and global levels. The Pacific Review, 16(2), 143–173. https://www.academia.edu/29036129/Security_architecture_in_Asia_the_interplay_of_regional_and_global_levels
- Frayer, L. (2020). The powerful group shaping the rise of Hindu nationalism in India. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/706808616/the-powerful-group-shaping-the-rise-of-hindu-nationalism-in-india
- Gahlot, M. (2015, October). India’s Hindu fundamentalists. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/program/people-power/2015/10/8/indias-hindu-fundamentalists/
- Gettleman, J., Schultz, K., Raj, S., & Kumar, H. (2019, April 11). Under Modi, a Hindu nationalist surge has further divided India. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/world/asia/modi-india-elections.html
- Ghosh, S. (2014). Identity, Politics, and Nation-building in History Textbooks in Bangladesh. Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society, 6(2), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2014.060203
- Huang, R. (2019). Religious instrumentalism in violent conflict. Ethnopolitics, 19(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1676525
- Iqbal, K. (2019). The rise of Hindutva, saffron terrorism and South Asian regional security. Journal of Strategic and Security Analysis, 5(1). https://thesvi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/JSSA-Vol-5-No.1-Final-49-69.pdf
- Jarvis, H. (2019, November). India cow vigilantes’ beef more about politics than meat. Brunel University London. https://www.brunel.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/articles/India-cow-vigilantes-beef-more-about-politics-than-meat
- Jaffrelot, C. (2019, November). BJP has been effective in transmitting its version of Indian history to the next generation of learners. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/11/16/bjp-has-been-effective-in-transmitting-its-version-of-indian-history-to-next-generation-of-learners-pub-80373
- Jeet Singh, S. (2021, February 11). The farmers’ protests are a turning point for India’s democracy—and the world can no longer ignore that. Time Magazine.
- Kancharla, B. (2020, February 21). MHA stops sharing data on communal incidents which it did till 2017. FACTLY. https://factly.in/mha-stops-sharing-data-on-communal-incidents-which-it-did-till-2017/
- Katju, A. (2020, December 23). The Hindu nationalist myth of love jihad. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/india/2020-12-23/hindu-nationalist-myth-love-jihad
Cite this article
-
APA : Ali, A., Nadeem, F., & Tufail, M. (2024). Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX(II), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-II).05
-
CHICAGO : Ali, Ahmad, Fajar Nadeem, and Mehwish Tufail. 2024. "Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX (II): 55-67 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-II).05
-
HARVARD : ALI, A., NADEEM, F. & TUFAIL, M. 2024. Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX, 55-67.
-
MHRA : Ali, Ahmad, Fajar Nadeem, and Mehwish Tufail. 2024. "Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX: 55-67
-
MLA : Ali, Ahmad, Fajar Nadeem, and Mehwish Tufail. "Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX.II (2024): 55-67 Print.
-
OXFORD : Ali, Ahmad, Nadeem, Fajar, and Tufail, Mehwish (2024), "Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX (II), 55-67
-
TURABIAN : Ali, Ahmad, Fajar Nadeem, and Mehwish Tufail. "Rise of Hindutva and the Security Architecture of South Asia." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review IX, no. II (2024): 55-67. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-II).05