Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan
Conflict coverage is a tough task for any journalist who is a member of a community or has an affiliation with any of the conflicting parties. Moreover, such events have some moral and professional dilemmas. Such dilemmas create tension between the professionalism of journalists and their feeling for their community. This piece of research, focusing on journalism in Pakistan, explores how reporters think of their position in struggling-affected societies. Face-to-face interviews with journalists explore their reflections and state their roles. The findings display journalists do now not have a black-and-white identity but an unpredictable one. Journalists now affix a position of journalism and relevant concepts in society. Journalism between multiple identities of journalists moves differently depending upon the situation.
-
Journalism, Influences, Watchdog, Advocacy, Self-censorship
-
(1) Zil e Huma
Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
- Andresen, K., Hoxha, A., & Godole, J. (2017). New Roles for Media in the Western Balkans. Journalism Studies, 18(5), 614– 628. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2016.1268928
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Christians, C. G., & Al, E. (2009). Normative theories of the media : journalism in democratic societies. University Of Illinois.
- Donsbach, W., & Patterson, T. E. (2004). Political News Journalists: Partisanship, professionalism, and political roles in five countries. In Cambridge University Press eBooks (pp. 251– 270). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606991.012
- Elliott, D. (2004). Terrorism, Global Journalism, and the Myth of the Nation State. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 19(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327728jmme19 01_3
- Gonen, Y., & Hoxha, A. (2019). Interactions between journalists located on different sides of a conflict: A comparative study of two conflict zones. Journalism Studies 20(16): 2495–2512. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2019.1604154
- Hallin, D. C. (2017) .Preface. In: Mellado C, et al. (eds) Journalistic Role Performance: Concepts, Contexts and Methods. New York, NY: Routledge, xi–xvi.
- Hanitzsch, T. (2007a). Deconstructing journalism culture: Towards a universal theory. Communication Theory 17: 367– 385.
- Hanitzsch, T. (2007b). Situating peace journalism in Journalism Studies: A critical appraisal. Conflict & Communication Online 6(2), 42-50.
- Hanitzsch, T., & Vos, T. P. (2017). Journalistic Roles and the Struggle Over Institutional Identity: The Discursive Constitution of Journalism. Communication Theory, 27(2), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12112
- Hanitzsch, T., & Vos, T. P. (2016). Journalism beyond democracy: A new look into journalistic roles in political and everyday life. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 19(2), 146–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916673386
- Hanitzsch, T., Hanusch, F., Mellado, C., Anikina, M., Berganza, R., Cangoz, I., Coman, M., Hamada, B., Elena Hernández, M., Karadjov, C. D., Virginia Moreira, S., Mwesige, P. G., Plaisance, P. L., Reich, Z., Seethaler, J., Skewes, E. A., Vardiansyah Noor, D., & Kee Wang Yuen, E. (2011). MAPPING JOURNALISM CULTURES ACROSS NATIONS. Journalism Studies, 12(3), 273–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2010.512502
- Hanitzsch, T., et al. (2019). Role orientations: Journalists’ views on their place in society. In: Hanitzsch T, et al. (eds) Worlds of Journalism. New York, NY: Colombia University Press
- Mellado, C., & Hellmueller, L. (2015). Professional roles and news construction: a media sociology conceptualization of journalists’ role conception and performance. Communication & Society, 28(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.28.3.1-11
- Jungblut, M., & Hoxha, A. (2016). Conceptualizing journalistic self- censorship in post-conflict societies: A qualitative perspective on the journalistic perception of news production in Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia. Media, War & Conflict, 10(2), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635216673283
- Loyn, D. (2007). Good journalism or peace journalism? Conflict & Communication Online 6(2), 85-90.
- Lynch, J. (2016). News coverage, peace-making and peacebuilding. In: Robinson P, et al. (eds) Routledge Handbook of Media, Conflict and Security. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, 197–209.
- Lynch, J., & McGoldrick, A. (2005). Peace Journalism. Stroud: Hawthorn Press.
- Mellado, C. (2014). Professional Roles in News Content. Journalism Studies, 16(4), 596– 614. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2014.922276
- Mellado, C., & Van Dalen, A. (2014). Between rhetoric and practice: Explaining the gap between role conception and performance in journalism. Journalism Studies 15(6), 859–878
- Mellado, C., Hellmueller, L., & Donsbach, W. (2017). Journalistic role performance: A new research agenda in a digital and global media environment. In: Mellado C, et al. (eds) Journalistic Role Performance: Concepts, Contexts and Methods. New York: Routledge, 1–18
- Milioni, D. L., et al. (2015). Conflict as news and news as conflict: A multidimensional content analysis of TV news in Cyprus. International Journal of Communication 9, 752–772.
- Milioni, D. L., et al. (2018). Cyprus: Behind closed (journalistic) doors. In: Eberwein T, et al. (eds) The European Handbook of Media Accountability. London: Routledge.
- Nicoli, N. (2014). The role of public service broadcasting in Cyprus during a time of austerity. Cyprus Review 26(1), 205–212.
- Reich, Z., & Hanitzsch, T. (2013). Determinants of Journalists’ Professional Autonomy: Individual and National Level Factors Matter More Than Organizational Ones. Mass Communication and Society, 16(1), 133–156.
- Åžahin, S. (2008). The discursive construction of national identity by the newspapers in North Cyprus. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502209
- Şahin, S., & Karayianni, C. (2020). Journalism matters: reporting peace in Cyprus. Media, Culture & Society, 42(7-8), 1360–1376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720923888
- Åžahin, S., & Ross, S. D. (2012). The uncertain application of peace journalism: The case of the Turkish Cypriot press. Conflict & Communication Online, 11(1), 101-115.
- Shaw, I. S., Lynch, J., & Hackett, R. A. (2011). Expanding Peace Journalism: Comparative and Critical Approaches. Sydney, NSW: Sydney University Press.
- Vos, T. P. (2017). Historical perspectives on journalistic roles. In: Mellado C, et al. (eds) Journalistic Role Performance: A New Research Agenda in a Digital and Global Media Environment. New York, NY: Routledge, 41–59.
- Zelizer, B., & Allan, S. (2011). Introduction: when trauma shapes the news. 27–58. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203818961-5
Cite this article
-
APA : Huma, Z. e. (2022). Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII(II), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(VII-II).14
-
CHICAGO : Huma, Zil e. 2022. "Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII (II): 127-134 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2022(VII-II).14
-
HARVARD : HUMA, Z. E. 2022. Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII, 127-134.
-
MHRA : Huma, Zil e. 2022. "Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII: 127-134
-
MLA : Huma, Zil e. "Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII.II (2022): 127-134 Print.
-
OXFORD : Huma, Zil e (2022), "Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VII (II), 127-134
-
TURABIAN : Huma, Zil e. "Professional Roles and Influences of Journalism in Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review VII, no. II (2022): 127-134. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(VII-II).14