PAKISTANS STRATEGIC CALCULATIONS AND POLICY RESPONSES TOWARDS AFGHANISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2023(VIII-II).09      10.31703/gsssr.2023(VIII-II).09      Published : Jun 2023
Authored by : Shahzad Akhtar

09 Pages : 80-92

References

  • Afzal, M. (2020). “Will the Afghan peace process be Pakistan’s road to redemption?” Blog, Brookings, June 25, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/will-afghan-peace-process-be-pakistans-road-redemption
  • Ahmad, I. (2007). “Securing Peace in South Asia,” Pakistan Vision 8(2), 23-30
  • Ahmad, I. (2007). “The Futute of India- Pakistan Peace Process Amid the War on Terror in Afghanistan,” IPRI Journal 7(2), 56-72
  • Ahmed, S. I. (2005). “News Analysis: Indian prime minister's visit promotes Indo- Afghan ties,” Xinhua News Agency,
  • Akhlaque, Q. (2004). “Dialogue to start next month: Joint Statement on Musharaf - Vajpayee meeting”, Dawn, January 7,
  • Ali, A. (2012). “Endgame in Afghanistan: Pakistan’s New Approach, RSIS Commentaries,” RSIS, Singapore, No. 230/2012.
  • Aneja, A. (2001). “India Recalls Envoy to Pak,” The Hindu, December 22,
  • Baldauf, S. (2003). India-Pakistan rivalry reaches into Afghanistan. Boston: Christian Science Monitor.
  • Baloch, Q. B., & Niazi, A. H. K. (2008). “Indian Encroachment in Afghanistan: A New Imperialism in the Making,” The Dialogue 3(1), 15-33.
  • BLANK, S. (2003). India’s Rising Profile in Central Asia. Comparative Strategy, 22(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495930390202607
  • Basit, A. (2021). “Why did India open a backchannel to the Taliban?” Al-Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/7/7/why-did-india-open-a-backchannel-to-the-taliban
  • Burke, S. M. (1975). Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • CFR report, (1999 – 2021).The U.S. War in Afghanistan: 1999 – 2020, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan
  • Fair C. C. (2014). Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fair, C. C. (2009). “Time for Sober Realism: Renegotiating U.S. Relations with Pakistan,” The Washington Quarterly , 32(2), 149-172.
  • Freedberg, J. S. (2007). “The Kabul- New Delhi Axis” National Journal 39(19), 60.
  • Gall, C. (2014). The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001-2014. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • George, N. (2002). “Afghanistan Turns to India for Advice,” Associated Press,
  • Grare, F. (2006). Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post 9/11 Era. Carnegie Papers: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Guardia, A. (2001). “We do not want a war, says Pakistan.” The Daily Telegraph
  • Howard Wriggins, (1977). “The Balancing Process in Pakistan’s Foreign Policy” in Ziring, L. Pakistan: The Long View. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Hasnat, S. F. (2009). “Pakistan’s Strategic Interests, Afghanistan and the Fluctuating U.S. Strategy,” Journal of International Affairs 63(1), 141-155.
  • Hughes, M. (2016). Afghanistan’s Troika of Instability: Political Illegitimacy, State- building and Pakistani Realolitik, Johns Hopkins University.
  • Hussain, R. (2006). “The India-Pakistan Peace Process.” Defense & Security Analysis 22(4), 409–419
  • Hussain, R. (2002). “Pakistan’s Relations with Afghanistan: Continuity and Change,” Strategic Studies 22(4). 43-75
  • Hussain, S. (2006). “Pakistan to ask India to Rein in Afghan Consulates,”, Nation, March 18,
  • Hussain, Z. (2011). “Sources of Tension in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective” CIDOB Policy Research Paper.
  • Hussain, Z. (2021). “The demons of conflict” Dawn, Pakistan, July 7, 2021.
  • “India, Afghanistan and Pakistan in between,” The Washington Times, September 4, 2005.
  • “India has reached limit of tolerance- Vajpayee”, Reuters, December 16, 2001.
  • “India to appoint High Commissioner, restore air links to Pakistan”, The Hindu, May 3, 2003.
  • Jamal, U. (2020). “Uunderstanding Pakistan’s Take on India-Taliban Talks”, The Diplomat, May 23, 2020.
  • “Jaswant support to NA,” Times of India, October 3, 2001.
  • Kux, D. (2000). The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies. Baltimore: John Hopkins.
  • Motwani, N., & Bose, S. 2014. “Afghanistan: ‘spoilers’ in the regional security context,” Australian Journal of International Affairs 69(3),266-284
  • Miller, Z., & Madhani, A. (2021). “Biden Says U.S. War in Afghanistan Will End August 31,” The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/biden-says-u-s-war-in-afghanistan-will-end-august-31
  • Mohin, R. (2021) “India Resists the Taliban Bandwagon”, Foreign Affairs.
  • Musharraf , P. (2015). “Musharraf: Pakistan and India's backing for 'proxies' in Afghanistan must stop” The Guardian.
  • Nadzri, S. (2002) “Musharaf - Threat of full- scale India-Pakistan war has diminished”, New Straits Times
  • BBC. (2001) “Pakistani daily reports troops on high alert along Indian border.” BBC Monitoring South Asia
  • BBC. (2009). “Pakistan interior adviser says India, Afghanistan behind Baluch unrest,” BBC Monitoring South Asia.
  • United News of Bangladesh (2009). “Pakistan openly accuses India, Afghanistan of supporting secession movement in Balochistan,” United News of Bangladesh.
  • Puri, L. (2002). “Be Ready for Decisive Battle, PM tells Jawans,” The Hindu.
  • Jazeera, A. (2021, July 5). Taliban seizes key districts in Afghanistan as gov’t forces flee. Taliban News | Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/4/taliban-seizes-key-districts-in-afghanistan-as-govt-forces-flee
  • Thomson, J. (2007). “Kashmir: The Most Dangerous Place in the World,” In Sidhu, W.P.S. Kashmir: New Voices, New Approaches. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Ltd.
  • Raina, J. N. (2008 ). “Is India Benign role in Afghanistan Anti-Pakistan, Asian Tribune
  • Ramachandran, S. (2002). “In Afghanistan, Pakistan's loss is India's gain,” Asia Times.
  • Rashid, A. (2009). Descent into chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin
  • Schmitt E., & Cloud, D. S. (2005, September 14). U.S. May Start Pulling Out of Afghanistan Next Spring. The New York Times. x https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/14/washington/world/us-may-start-pulling-out-of-afghanistan-next-spring.html
  • Siddiqa, A. (2011). Pakistan’s Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies. The Washington Quarterly, 34(1), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2011.538362
  • Sisson, R., & Rose, L. E. (1992). War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh. Karachi: Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DLRwhUJCac4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Swami, P. (2001). “The Terror Trajectory,” Frontline .
  • Wirising, R. G. (2007). In India’s Lengthening Shadow: The U.S.-Pakistan Strategic Alliance and the War in Afghanistan. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 34(3), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.3200/aafs.34.3.151-172
  • Weinbaum, M. G., & Harder, J. B. (2008). Pakistan’s Afghan policies and their consequences. Contemporary South Asia, 16(1), 25–38 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09584930701800370
  • Yousaf, J. L. (2004). “Balochistan CM Statement,” Herald (Karachi, Pakistan).
  • Zaheer, K. (2006 )“Karzai in India to boost ties, Pakistan wary,” Reuters.
  • Zaidi, M.( 2001). “The Loss of strategic depth can be attributed to the unholy shadow of the foreign office-former ISI chief, Hameed Gul,” Herald.

References

  • Afzal, M. (2020). “Will the Afghan peace process be Pakistan’s road to redemption?” Blog, Brookings, June 25, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/will-afghan-peace-process-be-pakistans-road-redemption
  • Ahmad, I. (2007). “Securing Peace in South Asia,” Pakistan Vision 8(2), 23-30
  • Ahmad, I. (2007). “The Futute of India- Pakistan Peace Process Amid the War on Terror in Afghanistan,” IPRI Journal 7(2), 56-72
  • Ahmed, S. I. (2005). “News Analysis: Indian prime minister's visit promotes Indo- Afghan ties,” Xinhua News Agency,
  • Akhlaque, Q. (2004). “Dialogue to start next month: Joint Statement on Musharaf - Vajpayee meeting”, Dawn, January 7,
  • Ali, A. (2012). “Endgame in Afghanistan: Pakistan’s New Approach, RSIS Commentaries,” RSIS, Singapore, No. 230/2012.
  • Aneja, A. (2001). “India Recalls Envoy to Pak,” The Hindu, December 22,
  • Baldauf, S. (2003). India-Pakistan rivalry reaches into Afghanistan. Boston: Christian Science Monitor.
  • Baloch, Q. B., & Niazi, A. H. K. (2008). “Indian Encroachment in Afghanistan: A New Imperialism in the Making,” The Dialogue 3(1), 15-33.
  • BLANK, S. (2003). India’s Rising Profile in Central Asia. Comparative Strategy, 22(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495930390202607
  • Basit, A. (2021). “Why did India open a backchannel to the Taliban?” Al-Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/7/7/why-did-india-open-a-backchannel-to-the-taliban
  • Burke, S. M. (1975). Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • CFR report, (1999 – 2021).The U.S. War in Afghanistan: 1999 – 2020, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan
  • Fair C. C. (2014). Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fair, C. C. (2009). “Time for Sober Realism: Renegotiating U.S. Relations with Pakistan,” The Washington Quarterly , 32(2), 149-172.
  • Freedberg, J. S. (2007). “The Kabul- New Delhi Axis” National Journal 39(19), 60.
  • Gall, C. (2014). The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001-2014. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • George, N. (2002). “Afghanistan Turns to India for Advice,” Associated Press,
  • Grare, F. (2006). Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post 9/11 Era. Carnegie Papers: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Guardia, A. (2001). “We do not want a war, says Pakistan.” The Daily Telegraph
  • Howard Wriggins, (1977). “The Balancing Process in Pakistan’s Foreign Policy” in Ziring, L. Pakistan: The Long View. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Hasnat, S. F. (2009). “Pakistan’s Strategic Interests, Afghanistan and the Fluctuating U.S. Strategy,” Journal of International Affairs 63(1), 141-155.
  • Hughes, M. (2016). Afghanistan’s Troika of Instability: Political Illegitimacy, State- building and Pakistani Realolitik, Johns Hopkins University.
  • Hussain, R. (2006). “The India-Pakistan Peace Process.” Defense & Security Analysis 22(4), 409–419
  • Hussain, R. (2002). “Pakistan’s Relations with Afghanistan: Continuity and Change,” Strategic Studies 22(4). 43-75
  • Hussain, S. (2006). “Pakistan to ask India to Rein in Afghan Consulates,”, Nation, March 18,
  • Hussain, Z. (2011). “Sources of Tension in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective” CIDOB Policy Research Paper.
  • Hussain, Z. (2021). “The demons of conflict” Dawn, Pakistan, July 7, 2021.
  • “India, Afghanistan and Pakistan in between,” The Washington Times, September 4, 2005.
  • “India has reached limit of tolerance- Vajpayee”, Reuters, December 16, 2001.
  • “India to appoint High Commissioner, restore air links to Pakistan”, The Hindu, May 3, 2003.
  • Jamal, U. (2020). “Uunderstanding Pakistan’s Take on India-Taliban Talks”, The Diplomat, May 23, 2020.
  • “Jaswant support to NA,” Times of India, October 3, 2001.
  • Kux, D. (2000). The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies. Baltimore: John Hopkins.
  • Motwani, N., & Bose, S. 2014. “Afghanistan: ‘spoilers’ in the regional security context,” Australian Journal of International Affairs 69(3),266-284
  • Miller, Z., & Madhani, A. (2021). “Biden Says U.S. War in Afghanistan Will End August 31,” The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/biden-says-u-s-war-in-afghanistan-will-end-august-31
  • Mohin, R. (2021) “India Resists the Taliban Bandwagon”, Foreign Affairs.
  • Musharraf , P. (2015). “Musharraf: Pakistan and India's backing for 'proxies' in Afghanistan must stop” The Guardian.
  • Nadzri, S. (2002) “Musharaf - Threat of full- scale India-Pakistan war has diminished”, New Straits Times
  • BBC. (2001) “Pakistani daily reports troops on high alert along Indian border.” BBC Monitoring South Asia
  • BBC. (2009). “Pakistan interior adviser says India, Afghanistan behind Baluch unrest,” BBC Monitoring South Asia.
  • United News of Bangladesh (2009). “Pakistan openly accuses India, Afghanistan of supporting secession movement in Balochistan,” United News of Bangladesh.
  • Puri, L. (2002). “Be Ready for Decisive Battle, PM tells Jawans,” The Hindu.
  • Jazeera, A. (2021, July 5). Taliban seizes key districts in Afghanistan as gov’t forces flee. Taliban News | Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/4/taliban-seizes-key-districts-in-afghanistan-as-govt-forces-flee
  • Thomson, J. (2007). “Kashmir: The Most Dangerous Place in the World,” In Sidhu, W.P.S. Kashmir: New Voices, New Approaches. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Ltd.
  • Raina, J. N. (2008 ). “Is India Benign role in Afghanistan Anti-Pakistan, Asian Tribune
  • Ramachandran, S. (2002). “In Afghanistan, Pakistan's loss is India's gain,” Asia Times.
  • Rashid, A. (2009). Descent into chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin
  • Schmitt E., & Cloud, D. S. (2005, September 14). U.S. May Start Pulling Out of Afghanistan Next Spring. The New York Times. x https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/14/washington/world/us-may-start-pulling-out-of-afghanistan-next-spring.html
  • Siddiqa, A. (2011). Pakistan’s Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies. The Washington Quarterly, 34(1), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2011.538362
  • Sisson, R., & Rose, L. E. (1992). War and Secession: Pakistan, India and the Creation of Bangladesh. Karachi: Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DLRwhUJCac4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Swami, P. (2001). “The Terror Trajectory,” Frontline .
  • Wirising, R. G. (2007). In India’s Lengthening Shadow: The U.S.-Pakistan Strategic Alliance and the War in Afghanistan. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 34(3), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.3200/aafs.34.3.151-172
  • Weinbaum, M. G., & Harder, J. B. (2008). Pakistan’s Afghan policies and their consequences. Contemporary South Asia, 16(1), 25–38 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09584930701800370
  • Yousaf, J. L. (2004). “Balochistan CM Statement,” Herald (Karachi, Pakistan).
  • Zaheer, K. (2006 )“Karzai in India to boost ties, Pakistan wary,” Reuters.
  • Zaidi, M.( 2001). “The Loss of strategic depth can be attributed to the unholy shadow of the foreign office-former ISI chief, Hameed Gul,” Herald.

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Akhtar, Shahzad. 2023. "Pakistan's Strategic Calculations and Policy Responses Towards Afghanistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VIII (II): 80-92 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2023(VIII-II).09

HARVARD

    HARVARD : AKHTAR, S. 2023. Pakistan's Strategic Calculations and Policy Responses Towards Afghanistan. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VIII, 80-92.

MHRA

    MHRA : Akhtar, Shahzad. 2023. "Pakistan's Strategic Calculations and Policy Responses Towards Afghanistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VIII: 80-92

MLA

    MLA : Akhtar, Shahzad. "Pakistan's Strategic Calculations and Policy Responses Towards Afghanistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VIII.II (2023): 80-92 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Akhtar, Shahzad (2023), "Pakistan's Strategic Calculations and Policy Responses Towards Afghanistan", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VIII (II), 80-92

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